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technical specification IQ24280HZC18 product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 1 the IQ24280HZC18 inqor ? zeta converter is an iso - lated, fixed switching frequency dc-dc converter that uses synchronous rectification to achieve extremely high efficiency and power density. the 24 vin modules feature 2,250 vdc isolation and low common mode noise. the zeta series converters offer industry lead - ing useable output power for any standard half-brick module. rohs compliant. 18-36 v 28 v 18 a 2250 vdc half-brick input output current isolation dc-dc converter ? ultra-high efficiency, 93% at full rated load current, 95% at half rated load current ? delivers up to 18 a of output current (504 w) ? wide input voltage range: 18 C 36 v, with 50 v 100 ms input voltage transient capability ? fixed frequency switching provides predictable emi performance ? no minimum load requirement means no preload resis- tors required ? wide output voltage trim range (-50% to +20%) operational features ? input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input voltage conditions ? output current limit and short circuit protection protects converter and load from damage and consequent haz - ardous conditions ? active back bias limit provides smooth startup with external load induced pre-bias ? latching output over-voltage protection protects load from damaging voltages ? thermal shutdown protects converter from abnormal environmental conditions protection features ? 2250 v, 30 mw input-to-output isolation provides input/output ground separation ? ul/cul 60950-1 recognized (us & canada), insulation rating ? tuv certified to en60950-1 ? meets 72/23/eec and 93/68/eec directives which facilitates ce marking in users end product ? board and plastic components meet ul94v-0 flammability requirements safety features ? industry standard half-brick pin-out configuration ? brick size: 2.39" x 2.49" (63.1 x 60.6 mm) ? total height only 0.512" (13 mm) ? total weight: 4.3 oz. (123 grams) mechanical features ? on/off control referenced to input side control features IQ24280HZC18 module
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 2 notes 1) applied torque per screw should not exceed 6in-lb. (0.7 nm) 2) baseplate flatness tolerance is 0.004" (0.10 mm) tir for surface 3) pins 1, 2, 4, 6-8, are 0.040" (1.02mm) diameter with 0.080" (2.03 mm) diameter standoff shoulders 4) pins 5, 9 are 0.080" (2.03 mm) diameter shoulderless pins. 5) other pin extension lengths available 6) all pins: material - copper alloy finish - matte tin over nickel plate 7) undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 8) weight: 4.3 oz. (123 g) typical 9) all dimensions in inches (mm) tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 10) workmanship: meets or exceeds ipc-a-610c class ii mechanical diagram bottom side clearance 0.145 typ. (3.68) m3 threaded standoff 4 places 0.24 (6.2) 0.24 (6.2) 1.90 (48.3) 1.90 (48.3) 2.00 (50.8) 2.39 (60.6) 0.400 (10.16) 0.23 (5.9) 0.54 (13.8) 2.49 (63.1) 0.400 (10.16) 1.000 (25.40) 1.000 (25.40) 1.400 (35.56) 1.400 (35.56) 0.700 (17.78) 0.027 +0.007/-0.010 (0.69 +0.17/-0.25) overall height 0.512 +0.002/-0.005 (13 +0.05/-0.12) 1 2 3 4 56789 notes: 1. sense(C) should be connected to vout(C) either remotely or at the converter. 2. leave trim pin open for nominal output voltage. 3. sense(+) should be connected to vout(+) either remotely or at the converter. pin designations pin no. name function 1 vin(+) positive input voltage 2 on/off ttl input to turn converter on and off, referenced to vin(-), with internal pull up. 3 reserved not connected 4 vin(-) negative input voltage 5 vout(-) negative output voltage 6 sense(-) return remote sense 7 trim output voltage trim 8 sense(+) positive remote sense 9 vout(+) positive output voltage
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 3 IQ24280HZC18 electrical characteristics t a =25c, airflow rate=300 lfm, v in =24vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40c to +100c ambient temperature with appropriate power derating. specifications subject to change without notice. parameter min. typ. max. units notes & conditions absolute maximum ratings input voltage non-operating 50 v continuous operating 40 v continuous operating transient protection 50 v 100 ms transient, square wave isolation voltage (input to output) 2250 v basic insulation, pollution degree 2 operating temperature -40 100 c storage temperature -55 125 c voltage at on/off input pin -2 18 v input characteristics operating input voltage range 18 24 36 v 50 v transient for 100 ms input under-voltage lockout turn-on voltage threshold 16.5 17.0 17.5 v turn-off voltage threshold 15.0 15.5 16.0 v lockout voltage hysteresis 1.0 1.5 2.0 v maximum input current 38 a 100% load, 18 vin, trimmed up 20% no-load input current 300 400 ma disabled input current 100 125 ma response to input transient 1.5 v 0.25 v/ s input transient input reflected ripple current 10 25 ma rms thru 3.3 h inductor input terminal ripple current 500 ma rms recommended input fuse 40 a fast blow external fuse recommended input filter component values (l\c) 0.34\23 h\f internal values recommended external input capacitance 470 f typical esr 0.1-0.2 w output characteristics output voltage set point 27.22 28.00 28.75 v output voltage regulation over line 1 +0.25\70 %\mv over load 1 +0.25\70 %\mv over temperature +0.215 +0.560 v total output voltage range 27.15 28.82 v over sample, line, load, temperature & life output voltage ripple and noise 2 20 mhz bandwidth peak-to-peak 150 250 mv full load rms 40 70 mv full load operating output current range 0 18 a subject to thermal derating output dc current-limit inception 19.5 21.0 22.5 a output voltage 10% low output dc current-limit shutdown voltage 3 11.5 v back-drive current limit while enabled 4 5 6 a negative current drawn from output source back-drive current limit while disabled 0 3 4 ma negative current drawn from output source maximum output capacitance 5 mf 1 8 a resistive load dynamic characteristics output voltage during load current transient for a step change in output c urrent (0.1 a/s) 1.5 v 50% to 75% to 50% iout max, 200 f load cap for a step change in output current (5 a/s) 1.5 v settling time 8 ms to within 1% vout nom turn-on transient turn-on time 24 37 40 ms full load, on/off to vout=90% nom. output voltage overshoot 5 % no load, 5 mf load cap efficiency 100% load 93 % 50% load 95 % temperature limits for power derating curves semiconductor junction temperature 125 c package rated to 150c board temperature 125 c ul rated max operating temp 130c transformer temperature 125 c isolation characteristics isolation voltage (dielectric strength) 2250 v isolation resistance 30 m w isolation capacitance 4 1000 pf note 1: line and load regulation is limited by duty cycle quantization and does not indicate a shift in the internal voltage reference. note 2: for applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and noise, consult synqor applications support (e-mail: support@synqor.com). note 3: if the output voltage falls below the output dc current limit shutdown voltage for more than 50ms, then the unit will enter into hiccup mode, with a 500ms off-time. note 4: higher values of isolation capacitance can be added external to the module.
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 4 parameter p min. typ. max. units notes & conditions feature characteristics switching frequency regulation stage 232 235 237 khz over sample, temp & life switching frequency isolation stage 116.0 117.5 118.5 khz over sample, temp & life on/off control (option n) off-state voltage 4.0 18 v on-state voltage -2 1.0 v on/off control on/off control hysteresis 1.5 v pull-up voltage 4.75 5.00 5.25 v pull up resistance 10 k w output voltage trim range -50 +20 % measured across pins 9 & 5; see trim section output over-voltage protection 125 130 135 % over full temp range; % of nominal vout over-temperature shutdown 120 c average pcb temperature over-temperature shutdown restart hysteresis 10 c reliability characteristics calculated mtbf (telcordia) tbd 10 6 hrs. tr-nwt-000332; 80% load,300lfm, 40o c ta calculated mtbf (mil-217) tbd 10 6 hrs. mil-hdbk-217f; 80% load, 300lfm, 40o c ta field demonstrated mtbf 10 6 hrs. see website for details electrical characteristics (continued) standards compliance parameter notes & conditions standards compliance ul/cul 60950-1 file # e194341, basic insulation en60950-1 certifed by tuv needle flame test (iec 695-2-2) test on entire assembly; board & plastic components ul94v-0 compliant iec 61000-4-2 esd test, 8 kv - np, 15 kv air - np (normal performance) note: an external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. contact synqor for offcial safety certifcates on new releases or download from the synqor website. qualification testing parameter # units test conditions qualification testing life test 32 95% rated vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours vibration 5 10-55 hz sweep, 0.060" total excursion, 1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis mechanical shock 5 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis temperature cycling 10 -40 c to 100 c, unit temp. ramp 15 c/min., 500 cycles power/thermal cycling 5 toperating = min to max, vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles design marginality 5 tmin-10 c to tmax+10 c, 5 c steps, vin = min to max, 0-105% load humidity 5 85 c, 85% rh, 1000 hours, continuous vin applied except 5 min/day solderability 15 pins mil-std-883, method 2003
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 5 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 load current (a) efficiency () 18 vin 24 vin 36 vin figure 1: efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25 c. figure 2: power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25 c. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 load current (a) power dissipation () 18 vin 24 vin 36 vin figure 5: turn-on transient at full load (resistive load) (10 ms/div). ch 1: vout (5 v/div) ch 2: on/off input (5 v/div) figure 6: turn-on transient at zero load (10 ms/div). ch 1: vout (5 v/div) ch 3: on/off input (5 v/div) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 25 40 55 70 85 ambient air temperature (c) iout (a) 400 lfm (2.0 m/s) 300 lfm (1.5 m/s) 200 lfm (1.0 m/s) 100 lfm (0.5 m/s) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 40 55 70 85 ambient air temperature (c) out (a) 400 lfm (2.0 m/s) 300 lfm (1.5 m/s) 200 lfm (1.0 m/s) 100 lfm (0.5 m/s) figure 3: encased converter (without heatsink) max. output power derating vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 lfm through 400 lfm. air flows across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage). figure 4: encased converter (with 1/2 heatsink) max. output power derating vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 lfm through 400 lfm. air flows across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 6 figure 7: output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%-50% of iout(max); di/dt = 0.1 a/ s; 1 ms/div). load cap: 1 uf ceramic and 100 f, 15 m w esr electrolytic capacitors. top trace: vout (1 v/div). bottom trace: iout (10 a/div). figure 8: output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%-50% of iout(max): di/dt = 5 a/ s; 2 ms/div). load cap: 100 f, 15 m w esr electrolytic capacitor. top trace: vout (1.0 v/div). bottom trace: iout (10 a/div). figure 10: input terminal ripple current, i c , at full rated output cur - rent and nominal input voltage with 3.3 h source impedance and 470 f electrolytic capacitor (500 ma/div; 2 s/div). see figure 9. figure 9: test set-up diagram showing measurement points for input terminal ripple current (figure 10), input reflected ripple current (figure 11) and output voltage ripple (figure 12). 3.3 h source impedance dc-dc converter figure 11 figure 10 figure 12 1 f ceramic capacitor 100 f, 10m w esr electrolytic capacitor 470 f, 0.2 w esr electrolytic capacitor v source i s i c v out figure 11: input reflected ripple current, i s , through a 3.3 h source inductor, using a 470 f input capacitor, at nominal input voltage and rated load current (10 ma/div; 2 s/div). see figure 9. figure 12: output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and rated load current (50 mv/div; 2 s/div). load capacitance: 1 f ceramic capacitor and 100 f electrolytic capacitor. bandwidth: 20 mhz. see figure 9.
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 load current (a) output voltage (v) 18 vin 24 vin 36 vin figure 15: output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and ovp shutdown point. figure 13: output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (18 v to 36 v in 200 s; 400 s/div). load cap: 470 f, 15 m w esr electrolytic capacitor. top trace: vin (5.0 v/div). bottom trace: vout (1.0 v/div), at zero load current. figure 14: load current (10 a/div; 20 ms/div) as a function of time when the converter attempts to turn on into a 1 m w short circuit.
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 8 basic operation and features the converter series uses a two-stage power conversion topology. the first stage keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. the second stage uses a transformer to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage step- down to achieve the low output voltage required. both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed fre- quency for predictable emi performance. rectification of the trans- formers output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. these devices, which are mosfets with a very low on-state resistance, dissipate significantly less energy than schottky diodes, enabling the converter to achieve high efficiency. the series of half-brick, quarter-brick and eighth-brick converters uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration. control features remote on/off (pin 2 ): the on/off input, pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off . this input is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, vin(-). the on/off signal is active low (meaning that a low voltage turns the converter on ). figure a details four possible circuits for driving the on/off pin. remote sense(+ ) (pins 8 and 6) : the sense( + ) inputs correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converters output pins to the load. pin 8 should be connected to vout(+) and pin 6 should be connect- ed to vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. if these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified value. note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage across the sense leads (pins 8 and 6) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converters output pins (pins 9 and 5). output voltage trim (pin 7) : the trim input permits the user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or down according to the trim range specifications. synqor uses industry standard trim equations. to decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between pin 7 (trim) and pin 6 (sense( C ) input). for a desired decrease of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be: r trim-down = ( 100% ) _ 2 k w ? where ?% = v nominal C v desired x 100% v nominal open collector enable circuit figure a: various circuits for driving the on/off pin. remote enable circuit direct logic drive negative logic (permanently enabled) on/off vin( _ ) on/off on/off vin( _ ) on/off 5v cmos vin( _ ) vin( _ )
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 9 basic operation and features the converter series uses a two-stage power conversion topology. the first stage keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. the second stage uses a transformer to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage step- down to achieve the low output voltage required. both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed fre- quency for predictable emi performance. rectification of the trans- formers output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. these devices, which are mosfets with a very low on-state resistance, dissipate significantly less energy than schottky diodes, enabling the converter to achieve high efficiency. the series of half-brick, quarter-brick and eighth-brick converters uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration. control features remote on/off (pin 2 ): the on/off input, pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off . this input is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, vin(-). the on/off signal is active low (meaning that a low voltage turns the converter on ). figure a details four possible circuits for driving the on/off pin. remote sense(+ ) (pins 8 and 6) : the sense( + ) inputs correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converters output pins to the load. pin 8 should be connected to vout(+) and pin 6 should be connect- ed to vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. if these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified value. note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage across the sense leads (pins 8 and 6) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converters output pins (pins 9 and 5). output voltage trim (pin 7) : the trim input permits the user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or down according to the trim range specifications. synqor uses industry standard trim equations. to decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between pin 7 (trim) and pin 6 (sense( C ) input). for a desired decrease of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be: r trim-down = ( 100% ) _ 2 k w ? where ?% = v nominal C v desired x 100% v nominal open collector enable circuit figure a: various circuits for driving the on/off pin. remote enable circuit direct logic drive negative logic (permanently enabled) on/off vin( _ ) on/off on/off vin( _ ) on/off 5v cmos vin( _ ) vin( _ ) to increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between pin 7 (trim) and pin 8 (sense(+) input). for a desired increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be figure b graphs the relationship between the trim resistor value, rtrim-up and rtrim-down, showing the total range the output volt- age can be trimmed up or down. note: the trim feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. it is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the trim pin. the node is internally filtered to eliminate noise. total dc variation of vout: for the converter to meet its full specifications, the maximum variation of the dc value of vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. protection features input under-voltage lockout : the converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping to avoid an input system instability problem, which is described in more detail in the application note titled input system instability on the synqor website . the lockout circuitry is a comparator with dc hysteresis. when the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical turn-on voltage threshold value* before the converter will turn on. once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical turn-off voltage threshold value before the converter will turn off. output current limit : if the output current exceeds the output dc current limit inception point*, then a fast linear current limit controller will reduce the output voltage to maintain a constant output current. if as a result, the output voltage falls below the output dc current limit shutdown voltage * for more than 50 ms, then the unit will enter into hiccup mode, with a 500 ms off-time. the unit will then automatically attempt to restart. back-drive current limit : if there is negative output current of a magnitude larger than the back-drive current limit while enabled specification*, then a fast back-drive limit controller will increase the output voltage to maintain a constant output current. if this results in the output voltage exceeding the output over- voltage protection threshold*, then the unit will shut down. the full i-v output characteristics can be seen in figure 15. output over-voltage limit : if the voltage directly across the output pins exceeds the output over-voltage protection threshold*, the converter will immediately stop switching. this shutdown is latching; unlike other shutdown types, the converter will not restart unless the input power is cycled or the on/off input is toggled. over-temperature shutdown : a temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. the ther- mal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the over-temperature shutdown value*. it will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the over-temperature shutdown restart hysteresis value*. * see electrical characteristics page. r trim-up k w = vnominal 1.225 v des C v nom x v des + v nom C 2 )( 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1,000.0 10,000.0 100,000.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 trim resistance (kohms) % increase in vout % decrease in vout figure b: trim graph for 28 vout module
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 10 to increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between pin 7 (trim) and pin 8 (sense(+) input). for a desired increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be figure b graphs the relationship between the trim resistor value, rtrim-up and rtrim-down, showing the total range the output volt- age can be trimmed up or down. note: the trim feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. it is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the trim pin. the node is internally filtered to eliminate noise. total dc variation of vout: for the converter to meet its full specifications, the maximum variation of the dc value of vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. protection features input under-voltage lockout : the converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping to avoid an input system instability problem, which is described in more detail in the application note titled input system instability on the synqor website . the lockout circuitry is a comparator with dc hysteresis. when the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical turn-on voltage threshold value* before the converter will turn on. once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical turn-off voltage threshold value before the converter will turn off. output current limit : if the output current exceeds the output dc current limit inception point*, then a fast linear current limit controller will reduce the output voltage to maintain a constant output current. if as a result, the output voltage falls below the output dc current limit shutdown voltage * for more than 50 ms, then the unit will enter into hiccup mode, with a 500 ms off-time. the unit will then automatically attempt to restart. back-drive current limit : if there is negative output current of a magnitude larger than the back-drive current limit while enabled specification*, then a fast back-drive limit controller will increase the output voltage to maintain a constant output current. if this results in the output voltage exceeding the output over- voltage protection threshold*, then the unit will shut down. the full i-v output characteristics can be seen in figure 15. output over-voltage limit : if the voltage directly across the output pins exceeds the output over-voltage protection threshold*, the converter will immediately stop switching. this shutdown is latching; unlike other shutdown types, the converter will not restart unless the input power is cycled or the on/off input is toggled. over-temperature shutdown : a temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. the ther- mal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the over-temperature shutdown value*. it will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the over-temperature shutdown restart hysteresis value*. * see electrical characteristics page. r trim-up k w = vnominal 1.225 v des C v nom x v des + v nom C 2 )( 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1,000.0 10,000.0 100,000.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 trim resistance (kohms) % increase in vout % decrease in vout figure b: trim graph for 28 vout module application considerations input system instability : this condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. a detailed application note titled input system instability is available on the synqor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. application circuits : figure c below provides a typical circuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming. input filtering and external input capacitance : figure d below shows the internal input filter components. this filter dra- matically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise could exceed the rating of an external electrolytic input capacitor. the recommended external input capacitance is specified in the input characteristics section on the electrical specifications page. more detailed information is available in the application note titled emi characteristics on the synqor website. output filtering and external output capacitance : figure d below shows the internal output filter components. this filter dramatically reduces output voltage ripple. however, some minimum external output capacitance is required, as specified in the output characteristics section on the electrical specifications page. no damage will occur without this capacitor connected, but peak output voltage ripple will be much higher. v in external input filter trim v in(+) i load c load l v out(+) r trim-up or r trim-down v sense(+) on/off v in( _ ) v in(+) v in( _ ) v out( _ ) v sense( _ ) electrolytic capacitor figure d: typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled). c figure e: internal input filter diagram (component values listed on the specifications page) .
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 11 application considerations input system instability : this condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. a detailed application note titled input system instability is available on the synqor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. application circuits : figure c below provides a typical circuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming. input filtering and external input capacitance : figure d below shows the internal input filter components. this filter dra- matically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise could exceed the rating of an external electrolytic input capacitor. the recommended external input capacitance is specified in the input characteristics section on the electrical specifications page. more detailed information is available in the application note titled emi characteristics on the synqor website. output filtering and external output capacitance : figure d below shows the internal output filter components. this filter dramatically reduces output voltage ripple. however, some minimum external output capacitance is required, as specified in the output characteristics section on the electrical specifications page. no damage will occur without this capacitor connected, but peak output voltage ripple will be much higher. v in external input filter trim v in(+) i load c load l v out(+) r trim-up or r trim-down v sense(+) on/off v in( _ ) v in(+) v in( _ ) v out( _ ) v sense( _ ) electrolytic capacitor typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled). c fiure e: internal input filter diagram (component values listed on the specifications page) . startup inhibit period: the startup inhibit period ensures that the converter will remain off for approximately 200 ms when it is shut down for any reason. when an output short is present, this generates a 5 hz hiccup mode, which prevents the converter from overheating. in all, there are seven ways that the converter can be shut down, initiating a startup inhibit period: ? input under-voltage lockout ? output over-voltage protection ? over temperature shutdown ? current limit ? short circuit protection ? turned off by the on/off input figure f shows three turn-on scenarios, where a startup inhibit period is initiated at t 0 , t 1 , and t 2 : before time t 0 , when the input voltage is below the uvl threshold, the unit is disabled by the input under-voltage lockout feature. when the input voltage rises above the uvl threshold, the input under-voltage lockout is released, and a startup inhibit period is initiated. at the end of this delay, the on/off pin is evaluated, and since it is active, the unit turns on. at time t 1 , the unit is disabled by the on/off pin, and it cannot be enabled again until the startup inhibit period has elapsed. when the on/off pin goes high after t 2 , the startup inhibit period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical turn-on time. thermal considerations: the maximum operating base- plate temperature, t b , is 100 oc. as long as the users thermal system keeps t b < 100 oc, the converter can deliver its full rated power. a power derating curve can be calculated for any heatsink that is attached to the base-plate of the converter. it is only necessary to determine the thermal resistance, r th ba , of the chosen heatsink between the base-plate and the ambient air for a given airflow rate. this information is usually available from the heatsink vendor. the following formula can the be used to determine the maximum power the converter can dissipate for a given thermal condition if its base-plate is to be no higher than 100 oc. p max = 100 oc - t a diss r th ba this value of power dissipation can then be used in conjunction with the data shown in figure 2 to determine the maximum load current (and power) that the converter can deliver in the given thermal condition. for convenience, figures 3 and 4 provide power derating curves for an encased converter without a heatsink and with a typical heatsink. startup inhibit period (turn-on time not to scale) under-voltage lockout turn- on threshold on/off (neg logic) v out v in 200ms 200ms 200ms (typical start-up inhibit period) t 0 t 1 t 2 t 9ms (typical turn on time) on on on off off
input: output: current: package: 18-36 v 28 v 18 a (504 w) half-brick cical cificai product # IQ24280HZC18 phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-ihz2428 rev. c 09/19/08 page 12 part numbering system the part numbering system for synqors dc-dc converters follows the format shown in the example below. the first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. the -g suffix indicates 6/6 rohs compliance. application notes a variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from our website. rohs compliance: the eu led rohs (restriction of hazardous substances) directive bans the use of lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury, polybrominated biphenyls (pbb), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) in electrical and electronic equipment. this synqor product is 6/6 rohs compliant. for more information please refer to synqors rohs addendum available at our rohs compliance / lead free initiative web page or e-mail us at rohs@synqor.com . ordering information the tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. when ordering synqor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options. a -g suffix indicates the product is 6/6 rohs compliant. the following options must be included in place of the x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above. not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact synqor for availability. patents synqor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,222,742 6,545,890 6,577,109 6,594,159 6,731,520 6,894,468 6,896,526 6,927,987 7,050,309 7,072,190 7,085,146 7,119,524 7,269,034 7,272,021 7,272,023 warranty synqor offers a two ( 2 ) year limited warranty. complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from synqor. information furnished by synqor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by synqor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of synqor. contact synqor for further information: phone : 978-849-0600 toll free: 888-567-9596 fax: 978-849-0602 e-mail: power@synqor.com web : www.synqor.com address : 155 swanson road boxborough, ma 01719 usa otions descrition: x enale loic pin lent feature set n - neatie r - 0180 s - standard product family package size performance level thermal design output current 6/6 rohs options (see ordering information) input voltage output voltage x y z ty t t t t t t tt t x tt t xyz xyz iq 24 280 h z c 18 n n s - g

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